The red and black flag wasn't created by the OUN; discover the true origins of these colors.

The red-and-black flag is one of the most significant symbols of the struggle for Ukraine's independence. Its colors embody the spirit of the national liberation movement and dedication to the cause of freedom.

Although this banner is associated with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) and the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), its history spans over a century and has deep roots in Ukrainian culture. Let's explore the meaning of the red and black colors, their origins, and symbolism.

Origins of the Colors

Red and black have been used as symbols of protest in Europe, Latin America, and Africa since the early 10th century. Historical references to red-and-black flags date back to the 1890s when the working class fought for their rights under these colors in Italy and Mexico. In Ukraine, the red-and-black flag appeared even earlier than its association with the OUN and UPA. For instance, in Ilya Repin's painting "Cossacks Writing a Letter to the Turkish Sultan," both flags — blue-yellow and red-black — are visible.

Knights of the Iron Ostra

In the early 20th century, particularly in 1916, the Knights of the Iron Ostra emerged in Lviv region. This organization used red-and-black flags on their uniforms. Poet Roman Kupchynsky explained the significance of these colors in his works: red symbolized joy and bravery, while black represented constancy and respect.

Influence of the OUN

In the 1920s-30s, the OUN initially used the blue-yellow banner. However, after the organization split into factions led by Andriy Melnyk and Stepan Bandera, the Bandera faction decided to develop new symbolism. The red-and-black flag was officially adopted as the organizational banner of the OUN in 1941. This flag became a symbol of the struggle for Ukraine's independence and the national liberation movement.

The Red-and-Black Flag in the UPA

Although the UPA did not have separate flags, the red-and-black banner was often used during ceremonial events. It became a symbol of the nationalist movement and the fight for independence.

The red-and-black flag is not just a symbol; it is part of Ukraine's history that needs to be preserved and promoted. Its significance is deep and multifaceted, and the fear it instilled in the Soviet Union attests to its importance in the fight for freedom and independence of the Ukrainian people.

Previously, "Telegraph" reported that an historian debunked 5 main myths about Ukrainian hetmans. Most Ukrainians believe that the hetman state was a democratic republic with an electoral power system.